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Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (, tr. ''Ígor' Ivánovič Sikórskij''; May 25, 1889 – October 26, 1972),〔Fortier, Rénald. ("Igor Sikorsky: One Man, Three Careers." ) ''aviation.technomuses.ca,''1996. Retrieved: October 29, 2008.〕 was a Russian American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. He designed and flew the world's first multi-engine fixed-wing aircraft, the ''Russky Vityaz'' in 1913, and the first airliner, ''Ilya Muromets'', in 1914. After immigrating to the United States in 1919, Sikorsky founded the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation in 1923,〔("About Sikorsky." ) ''Sikorsky Aircraft''. Retrieved: December 11, 2008.〕 and developed the first of Pan American Airways' ocean-conquering flying boats in the 1930s. In 1939 Sikorsky designed and flew the Vought-Sikorsky VS-300,〔Spenser 1998, p. 25.〕 the first viable American helicopter, which pioneered the rotor configuration used by most helicopters today.〔Woods 1979, p. 262.〕 Sikorsky modified the design into the Sikorsky R-4, which became the world's first mass-produced helicopter in 1942. ==Early life== Igor Sikorsky was born in Kiev, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine), the youngest of five children. His father, Ivan Alexeevich Sikorsky, had a Russian and noble Polish ((ポーランド語:szlachta)) family background. A professor of psychology, Ivan was the son and grandson of Russian Orthodox priests and held monarchist and Russian nationalist views.〔("May 25: Sikorsky was born in Kiev, the father of the helicopter" (English translation). ) ''Interesting Kiev,'' 2012. Retrieved: May 16, 2012.〕 Igor Sikorsky was Russian Orthodox Christian.〔()〕 Following the Russian Revolution, Sikorsky became a White emigre and opposed Soviet rule.〔Kutuzov, Mikhail. ("The Genius of Flight" (English translation). ) ''Russian Archipelago,'' 2012. Retrieved: May 16, 2012.〕 Igor Sikorsky's mother, Mariya Stefanovna Sikorskaya (née Temryuk-Cherkasova),〔Mikheev, V. R. ("Sikorsky: Hero, Exile, the Father of Aviation"(English translation). ) ''pravmir.ru,'' October 31, 2011. Retrieved: May 16, 2012.〕 was a physician who did not work professionally. She is sometimes called Zinaida Sikorsky. While homeschooling young Igor, she gave him a great love for art, especially in the life and work of Leonardo da Vinci, and the stories of Jules Verne. In 1900, at age 11, he accompanied his father to Germany and through conversations with his father, became interested in natural sciences. After returning home, Sikorsky began to experiment with model flying machines, and by age 12, he had made a small rubber band-powered helicopter.〔Woods 1979, p. 254.〕 Sikorsky began studying at the Saint Petersburg Imperial Russian Naval Academy, in 1903, at the age of 14. In 1906, he determined that his future lay in engineering, so he resigned from the Academy, despite his satisfactory standing, and left the Russian Empire to study in Paris. He returned to Russia in 1907, enrolling at the Mechanical College of the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. After the academic year, Sikorsky again accompanied his father to Germany in the summer of 1908, where he learned of the accomplishments of the Wright brothers' Flyer and Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible.〔("Scientific Interest." ) ''The Case Files: Igor Sikorsky'', ''Franklin Institute.'' Retrieved: October 29, 2008.〕 Sikorsky later said about this event: "Within twenty-four hours, I decided to change my life's work. I would study aviation."〔Christiano, Marilyn. ("Igor Sikorsky: Aircraft and Helicopter Designer." ) ''VOA News'', July 5, 2005. Retrieved: July 17, 2010.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Igor Sikorsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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